Renewed violence between the Ethiopian Federal government and Fano People’s Organization in Amhara has sparked concerns about a looming civil war in the country. The militia is accusing the government of ethnic cleansing, but Addis Ababa rejects the accusation. Earlier, various groups of Amhara militia had allied with the federal government and Eritrean troops to fight against Tigrayan forces, but claim they were sidelined once a peace deal was signed in 2022. So is that the case, or is an ethno-nationalist rebellion further destabilising a country that is desperately seeking unity?